Calificación de riesgo en los cinco bancos más grandes del Ecuador mediante la metodología Camels en el periodo 2018-2021

The current research involves the five largest banks risk rating from Ecuador, in same way, these banking entities financial strength analysis, in order to know the rating, what they were during the study period. Considering the context, the project purpose is to establish a monitoring method, what allows these institutions to make timely decisions and measures to avoid possible financial imbalances, even more, so when the study aim is to analyze the five largest banks financial situation in the world. Ecuador for the 2018-2021 period. For the development this research, it was applied a methodology with an empirical phenomenological approach, where it was analyzed a five largest banks financial statements Banks Superintendency database from Ecuador, into study period, this was used to review the financial indicators and establish the institutions solidity, for this, it was implemented the CAMELS Model (its acronym refers to the five used parameters used in the methodology capital adequacy, delinquency, efficiency, profitability and liquidity), it is a managerial tool, which It allowed to know the state, which the institutions were, furthermore, to have a broader vision for the banking entities possible risks assessment. As an effect, it was got, what the Pichincha, Internacional and Bolivariano Bank have the highest rating within the Optimal (A) and Above Expected (B), in comparison to the Pacifico and Guayaquil Banks, showed an average rating Within expected (D) and below expected (C), by resulting, in the strongest banking institutions are Pichincha, Internacional and Bolivariano, and the remaining two institutions must make efforts to improve their financial structure, and thus, it can generate reliability to customers and partners.La presente investigación involucra la calificación de riesgo de los cinco Bancos más grandes del Ecuador, del mismo modo el análisis de la solidez financiera de estas entidades bancarias, con la finalidad de conocer la calificación en la que se encontraban durante el periodo de estudio. Considerando el contexto, el propósito del proyecto es establecer un método de monitoreo que permita a estas instituciones tomar decisiones y medidas oportunas para evitar posibles desajustes financieros, más aún cuando el objetivo de este estudio es analizar la situación financiera de los cinco bancos más grandes del Ecuador para el periodo 2018-2021. Para el desarrollo de esta investigación se aplicó una metodología con un enfoque fenomenológico empírico en donde se analizó una base de datos de la Superintendencia de Bancos de los estados financieros de los cinco Bancos más grandes del Ecuador en el periodo de estudio, esto se utilizó para revisar los indicadores financieros y establecer la solidez de las instituciones, para ello se implementó el Modelo CAMELS (sus siglas hacen referencia a los cinco parámetros usados en la metodología adecuación del capital, morosidad, eficiencia, rentabilidad y liquidez), es una herramienta gerencial que nos permitió conocer el estado en el que se encontraban las instituciones, además tener una visión más amplia para la evaluación de los posibles riesgos de las entidades bancarias. Como efecto se obtuvo que el Banco de Pichincha, Internacional y Bolivariano se encuentran con la más alta calificación dentro de lo Óptimo (A) y Sobre lo esperado (B), en comparación con los Bancos del Pacífico, Guayaquil evidenció una calificación promedio Dentro de lo esperado (D) y Por debajo de lo esperado (C), dando como resultado que las instituciones bancarias más sólidas son Pichincha, Internacional y Bolivariano, y las dos instituciones restantes deben realizar esfuerzos para mejorar su estructura financiera, y así poder generar confiabilidad a los clientes y socios

Evaluacion De Dos Instrumentos De Medicion En La Determinación Del Área Basal En Pinus Radiata

This study compares the diameter of data obtained from utilizing two measuring instruments (the caliper and diameter tape). This instrument is the two most commonly used instruments for measuring tree diameters in forest inventory procedures. The measurement of diameter has a high implication in the estimation of the basal area and stand volume. It is therefore imperative to ensure accurate measurement of the diameter of trees in a stand. This work evaluated data taken with these two diameter measuring instruments. In order to evaluate the performance of the measuring instruments, parallel measurement of the diameter at breast height (DBH) of a sample of Pinus radiata trees in a plantation were measured. Also, the basal area of the stand was determined for both instruments. It was concluded through the analysis of variance (ANOVA) that there is no significant (p =0.958) difference between the averages of the calculated basal areas from the diameter measurements obtained by the diameter tape and the caliper. The estimated value from the diameter tape was 0,04190829, while the caliper was 0,04145599. Thus, the use of the two measurement tools led to similar results in the calculation of the cross-sectional areas of pine trees measured at breast height

Bacterial strains and plasmids used in this study.

<p>Bacterial strains and plasmids used in this study.</p

Proteins detected in PHA granules of <i>P. extremaustralis</i> by proteome analysis.

<p>The annotated functions of the identified proteins, the locus tags of the coding genes and the calculated molecular masses (MW) are shown.</p

Analysis of the expression of <i>phbC, phaC1</i> and <i>phaC2.</i>

<p>qRT-PCR assays were performed with cells grown on 0.5NE2 supplemented with 0.25% sodium octanoate or 0.27% glucose until late exponential phase. Results are the average ± standard deviations from three independent cultures.</p

Proteins associated to the PHA granules of <i>P. extremaustralis.</i>

<p>Granules were obtained from cells grown under PHA accumulation conditions. Proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE, stained with Coomassie brilliant blue and subsequently identified by peptide fingerprint analysis as described in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0098873#s2" target="_blank">Materials and Methods</a>. M, molecular mass standard.</p

Genetic organization of the mclPHA gene cluster in <i>P. extremaustralis.</i>

<p>mclPHA genes belonging to <i>γ Proteobacteria</i> (smooth arrows). Natural insertion containing 7 ORFs related to <i>β Proteobacteria</i> between the genes <i>phaD</i> and <i>phaF</i> (broken arrows). Arrows indicate the direction of gene transcription and the relative size of each ORF. From left to right: <i>phaC1</i>(1680 bp), <i>phaZ</i> (846 bp), <i>phaC2</i> (1683 bp), <i>phaD</i> (621 bp), followed by genes encoding a LuxR family DNA binding response regulator (642 bp), a putative fimbrial subunit (579 bp), a bacterial pili assembly chaperone (780 bp), a pili assembly chaperone (759 bp), an outer membrane usher protein FimD (2505 bp), a putative fimbrial protein (945 bp) and a Pi fimbriae major subunit (528 bp), not related to PHA metabolism, and <i>phaF</i> (927 bp) and <i>phaI</i> (423 bp).</p

Production of PHA in <i>P. extremaustralis</i> and recombinants <i>P. putida</i> GPp104.

<p>Cultures were grown in 0.5NE2 with the indicate carbon source.</p><p>ND =  no detected, PHHX: polyhydroxyhexanoate, PHO: polyhydroxyoctanoate.</p

Double barreled wet colostomy. Case report and description of the surgical technique

Pelvic exenteration has showed to be beneficial therapeutically and palliatively in locally advanced colorectal cancer. Reconstruction of urinary transit posterior to a cystectomy has always been challenging with many associated complications. We present a 58-year-old male with locally advanced rectal cancer in which a pelvic exenteration and a double-barreled wet colostomy (DBWC) was created for urinary reconstitution. We present the surgical technique of DBWC. DBWC is a good alternative to other urinary reconstructions because fecal and urinary derivation occurs in only one stoma, the stoma output is easier to manage, and fewer complications are seen compared to other urinary reconstructions. Long-term surveillance is mandatory in patients with a DBWC because there is an increased risk of neoplasm in the reservoir. Resumo: A exenteração pélvica mostrou-se benéfica, tanto terapêutica quanto paliativamente, em casos de câncer colorretal localmente avançado. A reconstrução do trânsito urinário após uma cistectomia sempre foi desafiadora, com muitas complicações associadas. Os autores apresentam o caso de um homem de 58 anos de idade com câncer retal localmente avançado, submetido a uma exenteração pélvica e uma colostomia úmida em dupla-boca (CUDB) para reconstituição urinária. Os autores apresentam a técnica cirúrgica da CUDB, uma boa alternativa para outras reconstruções urinárias, já que a derivação fecal e urinária ocorre em apenas um estoma, a saída do estoma é mais fácil de gerenciar e o método apresenta menos complicações em comparação com outras reconstruções urinárias. A vigilância a longo prazo é obrigatória em pacientes com CUDB, pois há um risco aumentado de neoplasia no reservatório